Mayerhofer W, Schintlmeister A, Dietrich M, Gorka S, Wiesenbauer J, Martin V, et al. Ectomycorrhizal fungi induce systemic resistance against insects on a nonmycorrhizal plant in a CERK1-dependent manner. Effects of ectomycorrhizal and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of four leguminous woody seedlings. Osonubi O, Mulongoy K, Awotoye OO, Atayese MO, Okali DUU. Nitrogen mobilization and nutrition in ectomycorrhizal plants. Ecological aspects of mycorrhizal symbiosis: with special emphasis on the functional diversity of interactions involving the extraradical mycelium. Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses. Steidinger BS, Crowther TW, Liang J, Van Nuland ME, Werner GD, Reich PB, et al. We demonstrate at a high temporal, quantitative, and taxonomic resolution, that C from EMF host trees moved into EMF and that C was transferred further to neighboring trees of similar and distinct phylogenies. While Tomentella ellisii was the primary fungal mediator between pines and oaks, Terfezia pini, Pustularia spp., and Tuber oligospermum controlled C transfer among pines. C was transferred across all four tree species combinations. Assimilated 13CO 2 reached tree roots within four days and was then transferred to various EMF species. To identify the fungal species active in the transfer, mycorrhizal fine root tips were used for DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) with 13CO 2 followed by sequencing of labeled DNA. Repeated samplings were applied during 36 days to trace how 13C was distributed along the tree-fungus-tree pathway. Here, Pinus halepensis and Quercus calliprinos saplings growing in forest soil were labeled using a 13CO 2 labeling system. Despite the high prevalence of CMNs in forests, little is known about the identity of the EMF transferring the C and how these in turn affect the dynamics of C transfer.
EMF symbiosis can extend beyond the single tree-fungus partnership to form common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs).
Among key biotic agents influencing C allocation belowground are ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Inter-kingdom belowground carbon (C) transfer is a significant, yet hidden, biological phenomenon, due to the complexity and highly dynamic nature of soil ecology.
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